Mystery pack math, explained honestly
Everything on PullValue — the EV ratios, observed odds, verdicts — comes from one idea: you should know what a pack is statistically worth before you rip it. These guides explain the concepts behind the numbers, using the same live data the rankings run on. Terms are defined in the glossary; every formula is documented in the methodology.
What is pack EV?
Expected value, the EV ratio, and why break-even is not where you think — the math in plain English.
Why average EV lies
Median pulls, dilution, and the grail problem: what a typical rip really returns.
Mystery pack ROI
The honest ROI formula — cash-out value, not paper FMV — with live examples.
Mystery pack odds
Posted vs observed odds, and why static odds go stale as the pool drains.
The 90% buyback, explained
What FMV means, what you actually cash out, and when to hold instead.
Shipping & redemption fees
The costs that quietly turn small wins into losses — and how to avoid them.
Is Courtyard worth it?
An honest, numbers-first answer, updated by live pack data.